Pulp and paper industry in Thailand. II. Potential for pulp production / Tolgay Cavusoglu
โดย: Cavusoglu, Tolgay
ผู้แต่งร่วม: Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research
ชื่อชุด: Appraisal Rep. no. 22ข้อมูลการพิมพ์: Bangkok : Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research, 1969 รายละเอียดตัวเล่ม: 93 p.หัวเรื่อง: Eucalyptus | Kenaf | Pulp and paper industry | Pulpsสารสนเทศออนไลน์: Click here to access full-text สาระสังเขป: (1) Several materials which can be considered as suitable raw materials for pulp production are examined in this report. Among them kenaf stems and eucalypt wood have the highest potential due to their estimated low cost, technical suitability, and possible long-term availability in large quantities.สาระสังเขป: (2) Kenaf stem appears to be more suitable than eucalypt wood for the production or mechanical pulp for newsprint. Growing of kenaf is concentrated in the north-east region of the country. The plant is grown for its fibre content and the stem which remains after removal of the fibrous bark is currently totally wasted. The amount of stems available reaches almost a million tonnes per annum, but the growing areas are spread all over the north-east transport costs will prevent the stems from being collected from districts with acattered farms. Fortunately, there are areas where growing is concentrated, and at the present level of kenaf production, Amphoe Muang Khon Kaen alone can casily supply stems sufficient to produce 75,000 tonnes of mechanical pulp, i.e. more than the total projected demand for newsprint in 1975. The main problem mitigating against producing pulp from kenaf stems appears to be the present practice of retting the whole kenaf stalk to remove the fibre. Unfortunately, woody steams after being submerged in water for retting become unsuitable for pulping due to the penetration of water and dirt through their mass. If the kenaf stems are to be used for pulp manufacture, they should be ribboned before retting. At present the farmers have no real incentive to ribbon their kenaf before retting, but if a pulp mill offers a reasonable price, e.g. 200 baht per tonners, to purchase nitherto wasted stems, it is likely that the farmers will do the extra work of ribboning the stalks and even transport them for a reasonable distance, e.g. upto 10 km to a collection station of the mill. Even during periods when fibre was sold at very high prices the assumed supplementary income from selling woody stems would have bean about one quarter of the farmers' income from selling the fibre, and in times of declining prices this additional income could help farmers over hard times. Thai farmers appear to be sufficiently economically motivated to do the extra work when they are sure of getting a definite supplementary income.สาระสังเขป: (3) Four paper and pulp mills, each with capacities of 50 tonnes per day located in kenaf growing centres of the north-east where sufficient water is also available (e.g. Khon Kaen), will meet the total projected demand of 60,000 tonnes of newsprint in 1975. These mills would have to built simple collecting centres with capacities of about 4,000 tonnes covering a 100 km radius. The farmers will bring the stems to these stations, and the cost of transporting stems from these stations to the mill will not exceed reasonable limits. The pulp mills will produce only mechanical pulp and the required chemical pulp (about 15 percent) will be imported or eucalypt pulp (about 25 percent). The cost of newsprint (50 tonnes/day mill) is estimated to amount to 3,000 baht per tonne but it will amount to significantly less than 3,000 baht per tonne if the mill has a capacity of 100 tonnes per day. The cost of ecomparable imported newsprint is currently about 3,500 baht per tonne, and it appears that indigenous newsprint will be fairly competitive with imported newsprint at a level of production of 100 tonnes per day. For mills with smaller capacity competitiveness of the product is significantly reduced.สาระสังเขป: (4) Using eucalypt wood to produce chemical pulp for writing and printing paper appears very promising. The tree has a high growth rate and hence its rotation period is about 15 years, half that of coniferous trees. They thrive well in areas where water is acarce and the terrain is steep. Furthermore, the wood is very light in colour and easy to bleach. In contrast ot Australia, Thailand has no natural stands of eucalypts but establishing eucalypt plantations for this purpose appears quite feasible. In Brazil pulp has been manufactured from plantation-grown eucalypts for sometime past. There are large areas around Si Racha and Chon Buri which are suitable for eucalypt plantations, and growth eucalypts in plantation for manufacturing particle boards has already proven successful in these districts. The cost of eucalypt-based pulp is estimated to be between 2,000-2,500 baht per tonne. This is very competitive cost in relation to the cost of comparable imported pulp at 3,400 baht per tonne.สาระสังเขป: (5)A chemical pulp mill with a capacity of 150 tonnes per day will meet the short-fibred chemical pulp needs of the paper mills producing 40,000 tonnes of writing and printing paper and 60,000 tonnes of newsprint. The mill should be situated near the plantation area where water and transport facilities are available. The Bang Pakong River near Chachoengsao appears to be a suitable location for the plant.สาระสังเขป: (6) For the production of pulp for industrial papers the only suitable materials seem to be kenaf fibre and whole kenaf stalks. Pinewood and bamboo which yield good long-fibred pulps are not likely to be available in large quantities in the long term. Development of these sources for pulp production may be possible but it appears that the resulting pulps will be too expensive. Siam Kraft Co., Ltd. is currently conducting experiments on kenaf in order to produce a strong long-fibred pulp from its fibre or from the whole stalks. If the experiments are successful the company will eventually produce 50,000 tonnes pulp per annum for its own use. This amount is only half of the total projected pulp requirement of the local industrial papers producers in 1975. If no other pulp mill is established, 50,000 tonnes of pulp have to be imported by 1975 for this purpose. The ideal solution may be for Siam Kraft Co. to install another pulp mill of 50,000 tonnes capacity for the purpose of supplying pulp to other industrial paper producers.สาระสังเขป: (7) If the above mentioned mechanical, chemical, and long-fibred pulp factories could be completed by 1975, they will provide the total projected pulp requirement of the local paper factories (existing or initiated) for that year. However, it is not realistic to assume that all these pulp mills or paper mills will be operating by 1795. - Author.สาระสังเขป: Using
| ชนิดของทรัพยากร | Location | Call number | สถานะ | Last seen | Copy No. | บาร์โค้ด |
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วว. เทคโนธานี | Available | 2018-08-31 | 1 | RP1969/3 | |
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วว. เทคโนธานี | Available | 2018-08-31 | 2 | RP1969/3-2 |
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