Pulp and paper industry in Thailand. I. Demand for paper1/ Tolgay Cavusoglu
โดย: Cavusoglu, Tolgay
ผู้แต่งร่วม: Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research
Language: English ชื่อชุด: Appraisal Rep. no. 21ข้อมูลการพิมพ์: Bangkok : Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research, 1969 รายละเอียดตัวเล่ม: 53 p.หัวเรื่อง: Pulp and paper industryสารสนเทศออนไลน์: Click here to access full-text สาระสังเขป: (1) Since 1958 Thailand's consumption of paper and articles made of paper has been increasing rapidly, and in 1968 the total consumption amounted to 168,000 tonnes. However, per capita consumption of paper, which was about 5 kg in 1968 is still low as compared with other developing countries. Forcasts of the consumption of various kinds of papers have been made by extrapolating consumption trends. It is estimated that by 1975 total paper consumption including articles made of paper will reach 250,000 tonnes.สาระสังเขป: (2) During the period 1958 to 1968, consumption of industrial papers has increased more rapidly than the consumption of cultural papers. Industrial papers comprised only 32 per cent of the total paper consumption in 1958 but have reached 50 per cent in 1968. This seems to have been due to rapid development of manufacturing industry and commerce combined with increased urbanization over the past decade, whereas the consumption of cultural papers on the other hand which depends mostly on population growth and the development of more intense reading habits has not increased so rapidly. Assuming that these trends continue, it is forecast that industrial papers will amount to nearly 60 per cent of the total paper consumption in Thailand by 1975.สาระสังเขป: (3) Most of the existing pulp and paper manufacturing companies were initiated after the passing of the "Promotion of Industrial Investment Act" of 1962 ; and 11 paper mill projects have obtained promotion certificates since that date. Some of these projects have already been realized but others are still at the pre-engineering stage, so that the full impact of the Act will not be felt until 1970. Domestic production of paper is then expected to reach 110,000 tonnes, as against 32,000 tonnes in 1068. Moreover, if all of the already promoted enterprises start to manufacture by 1975, the total output of paper will reach 180,000 tonnes. This is equal to 75 percent of the projected demand for 1975, an impressive figure when compared with a local production of 19 per cent in 1968. It is doubuful, however, it all the promoted mills will eventuate, and accordingly a more conservative assumption is that local paper production will not exceed 140,000 tonnes by 1975.สาระสังเขป: (4) Whilst this is a very encouraging development, it must be noted that most of these paper mills are to operate on imported pulp. There are only three pulp mills in Thailand with a combined capacity of 65,000 tonnes, and, it no new pulp mills are started in the near future, by 1975, 1000,000 tonnes of pulp costing about ฿ 330 million should be imported by the locat paper mills. It is considered to be important that the new paper industry should therefore include local pulp production. Concentration on paper mills which will work on improted pulp will not mitigate the growing magnitude of foreign exchange spending, new paper mills will only shift paper imports to pulp imports resulting in only insignificant foreign exchange savings.สาระสังเขป: (5) Development of a pulp manufacturing industry in Thailand, in addition to its important foreign exchange saving effect, will help the fuller utilization of the country's raw materials, some of which are at present wasted. Adoption of measures to guide prospective entrepreneur towards investing in pulp manufacturing industry is very desirable. To this end granting of promotion certificates under the Investment Promotion Act could perhaps be limited only to integrated paper mill or pulp mill projects for at least 2 to 3 years. However, as expanding the capacity of operating mills will usually cost less to the national economy than the installation of equal new capacity, succesful paper mills asking for promotion certificates for expansion should also be regarded favourably.สาระสังเขป: (6) The size of the mill is an important point to be considered when preparing guide lines for the development of a pulp and paper industry. A modern pulp and paper mill is capital intensive ; capital charges thus account for a large share of the total cost of production. Production costs per unit of output fall rapidly with an increase in the mill size, especially in the lower capacity range. On the other hand, there are some costs which generally increase with mill size, e.g. procurement and transport cost of fibrous raw materials. The point of balance between decreasing and increasing cost factors together with the expected size of the future paper market determines the optimum economic size of the mill. In the main pulp and paper producing countries where raw materials resources are concentrated and paper consumption density is high, the economic size of the mills is generally very large. In Thailand, as in most developing countries, transport costs are high and consumption density is low ; these factors limite the optimum economic size of the paper mills. According to very rough calculations, after taking into account the local demand, the optimum capacity for a partially integrated new sprint nill is 200 tonnes per day and for a bleached chemical pulp mill is about 100 to 150 tonnes per day. For an integrated factory producing industrial papers the optimum capacity seems to be 200 tonnes per day, but for unintegrated mills producing printing or writing papers of different qualities the optimum size probably goes down to 50-70 tonnes per day. The economic advantages of optimum scale operations in pulp and paper manufacture should therefore be taken into consideration when duiding the development of this industry. - Author.
| ชนิดของทรัพยากร | Location | Call number | สถานะ | Last seen | Copy No. | บาร์โค้ด |
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วว. เทคโนธานี | Available | 2018-08-31 | 1 | RP1969/2 | |
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วว. เทคโนธานี | Available | 2018-08-31 | 2 | RP1969/2-2 |
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